Cathar country

The Languedoc is also called Cathar country (le pays Cathares). The department of Aude is named after the river Aude. The river winds its way through the Pyrenees until it reaches the Mediterranean Sea. A lot of places in this region are worth seeing because the Aude has a very interesting history.

The most famous story of the Languedoc is the crusade against the Cathars. No chapter in the Roman Catholic Church is bloodier than the battle against the Cathars. Catharism developed during the 12th century in the south of France and in the north of Italy where they attracted followers from all walks of life. They posed a direct threat to traditional Christianity.
The most famous story of the Languedoc is the crusade against the Cathars. No chapter in the Roman Catholic Church is bloodier than the battle against the Cathars. Catharism developed during the 12th century in the south of France and in the north of Italy where they attracted followers from all walks of life. They posed a direct threat to traditional Christianity.

Under the authority of the Pope there finally came a halt to the rise of Catharism. It still fires one’s imagination the way the Cathars accepted their cruel fate and convinced of their faith were burnt to death at the stake.
The massacre in Montségur in 1244, where 225 Cathars were burnt to death at the stake, meant the end of Catharism.
Montségur

Montsegur

In the wake of the fall of Montségur in 1244, the castle Queribuscame to house a number of dispassessed knights and cathars who found themselves overwhelmed by he catholic presence in the region.
It was only in 1255 that this castle fell in to Frenche Catholic hands.
Queribus

After that people in and around Montaillou held on to Catharism but in 1320 the inquisition drove the Cathars away. The records of the interrogations of the inhabitants formed the basis of the books: “Montaillou: The Promised Land of Error” (Emmanuel le Roy Ladurie) and “The Yellow Cross: The Story of the Last Cathars 1290-1329” (René Weis)

The Langue D’oc language

The French language is in fact the language of Northern France. At the time of the Romans, France as we know it was inhabited by Gauls. During the Migration Period (5th century) the Germanic Franks invaded Northern France. They adopted the language of the local people, but gave the land and language their name. Because of this inflow of the Franks, the language in Northern France developed differently from the language in Southern France.

As Paris became the political and spiritual centre of Northern France, the Parisian dialect became the standard language for Northern France. In the South the langue d’oc, also called Occitan, flourished extremely in the Middle Ages and, for centuries, it was the most prestigious modern romance language.

This language was used by the troubadours to sing about e.g. l’Art d’Amour (the Art of Love) and there was a lot of interest in music, dance, poetry and literature. After the crusade against the Cathars the political power of Northern France over the South increased. As a result, the (northern) French language was introduced in the Languedoc region.
Currently, 48% of the population understands Occitan and 28% still speak it, as shown by the street names.

For further information about the Cathars, please visit www.katharen.be


The Cathar beliefs

The Cathars based their beliefs on the New Testament only and they rejected the church dogmas, as well as the worship of sacred images, crosses, miracles and relics. The Cathars never built religious buildings.

The Cathars believed in two principles: Good, the eternal God, and Evil, embodied by the transitory material world. The soul belongs to the Good, but some souls are attracted by the material world. When being born, the soul comes into a worldly cover, the body, which comes from Evil. After dying, the soul will search for its Spirit, which stayed behind in heaven. Until it found its Spirit, the soul will repeatedly be born in another human or animal body.

Those baptized at a young age could become perfects. They had to lead a chaste life in order not to make new bodies that could have wandering souls. They were not allowed to eat meat because every animal has a soul nor were they allowed to take an oath, to lie, to kill, to wage war or to be involved in jurisdiction.